System Text Encoding class decode UTF 16

 When to use UTF-16 or UTF-8

1. What is UTF-16?:

   • UTF-16 (16-bit Unicode Transformation Format) is a character encoding that can represent all 1,112,064 valid character code points of Unicode.

   • It uses either one or two 16-bit code units to encode each character.

   • The design of UTF-16 dictates this variable-length encoding, allowing it to cover the entire Unicode range ¹.

2. Code Units and Code Points:

   • A code unit is the basic unit of encoding in UTF-16. It represents a 16-bit value.

   • Each Unicode character corresponds to a unique code point.

   • Characters within the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) (the most commonly used characters) are typically encoded using a single 16-bit code unit.

   • Characters outside the BMP (such as emojis and less common symbols) require two 16-bit code units ².

3. Example:

   • Let’s consider the letter “A” and the emoji “😂”:

     • The letter “A” has a Unicode code point of U+0041. In UTF-16, it is represented as 0041.

     • The emoji “😂” has a more complex code point (outside the BMP). Its Unicode code point is U+1F602. In UTF-16, it is represented as D83D DE42 ².

   • So, in summary:

     • “A” → UTF-16 representation: 0041

     • “😂” → UTF-16 representation: D83D DE42

Remember that UTF-16 provides a flexible way to handle characters from various languages and symbols, ensuring compatibility across different systems and applications!